CAMERA – there are a lot of close-up shots of the protagonist of the film and his actions. This is to show the emotion of the character to add an in depth view of his thoughts and feelings. Many of the close-up shots are of Ali writing, this is used as it is significant to the narrative of the as he only writes when he is angered and builds tension when he begins to write more aggressively. There were some mid-shots used to signify the ethnic diversity between the inmates, which is integral to the narrative as Ali has a hatred for ethnic minorities.
EDITING – there were many focus pulls used but not between the characters. Many of the scenes begin with a camera shot behind a set of steel bars, to then focus on Ali. This signifies his loneliness throughout as he is not just literally trapped behind bars but mentally too – he feels isolated being one of the only white British males in the institute. The lighting is also dim throughout, which also signifies the ‘darkness’ to Ali’s personality and his hatred of different ethnicities.
MISE-EN-SCENE – the film is set in a Young Offenders Institute and most of the shots of Ali are in his cell, which connotes that his mind is trapped with his thoughts and feelings of hatred. The plaster in which Ali is required to wear over his racist tattoo is a significant part of the mise-en-scene, as when he finally decides to let his feelings overrule him, he removes the plaster, connoting that he is being himself and not conforming to the rules of the institute.
SOUND – the diegetic sound throughout the film has been edited to appear louder to the audience. This is used with small occurrences such as when Ali writes, the sound of the pen to paper usually increases as he continues to write, which connotes that he is becoming more angry.
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